涨知识！中药材与中药饮片的区别

中国中药资源开发利用历史悠久，中医药学是中华民族的瑰宝，是我们引以骄傲和自豪的文化遗产。中药是在中医药理论的指导下用以防病、治病的药物的总称。包括中药材、中药饮片。
The development and utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China has a long history. Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese people and a precious cultural heritage. Chinese people took great pride in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is a general term for drugs used to prevent and cure diseases. Including Chinese herbal medicines and herbal decoction.

 

中药材 Chinese Herbal Medicine

药材是中药饮片的原料。药材指符合药品标准，一般指药材原植、动、矿物除去非药用部位的商品药材。药材未注明炮制要求的，均指生药材，应按照附录药材炮制通则的净制项进行处理。
Chinese herbs are the raw materials for Chinese herbal medicine decoction. Herbs are generally referring to the original plants, organisms, and mineral removal of non-medicinal parts. If the herbs do not indicate the requirements for processing, they all refer to as raw medicinal herbs.

在严格意义上，药品范畴内的中药材仅指经过净制处理后的药材，对于未经依法净制处理的原药材不能列为药品概念下的中药材，只能是农副产品，不能直接入药。因此，药品范畴内的中药材应是严格按照药品标准加工而成的商品，在生产上应严格按照许可管理进行生产以区分其他农副产品，进入药品流通渠道后应完全具备药品的属性，药品经营企业经营的中药材必须是完全具备药品的属性（有合法的生产企业及相关的产品标示），这样才能从根本上控制作为药品的中药材质量，保证用药安全有效。
The following paragraph is true only in China and various Asian countries where Traditional Chinese medicine is a part of mainstream medicine. “Strictly speaking, Chinese medicinal herbs in the category of medicines only refer to medicinal materials that have undergone net processing. The original medicinal materials that have not been processed according to the law cannot be classified as Chinese medicine under the concept of medicines. They can only be referred to as agricultural products. Therefore, Chinese medicinal materials within the scope of medicines should be commodities processed strictly in accordance with the standards of medicines and should be produced in strict accordance with licensing management to distinguish as other agricultural products. After entering the medicine distribution channel, they should fully possess the properties of medicines. The Chinese medicinal herbs operated by the enterprise must be fully equipped with the attributes of medicines (with legal production enterprises and related product labels), so as to fundamentally control the quality of the Chinese medicinal herbs used as medicines and ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medicines.”

 

药材的产地加工 Origin and processing of Herbal Medicine

中药材的产地加工又称初加工。适宜的初加工可保持药效，降低一些药材的毒性，防止药材霉烂变质，便于贮运。产地加工不仅影响药材的药效和质量，还直接影响药材的下一步加工。药材采收后，要及时进行处理，称之为产地加工。产地加工主要是清洗、除杂和干燥，以纯净药材，防止霉变。
The processing of Chinese herbal medicine at their place of origin is also called primary processing. Proper initial processing can maintain the medicinal effect, reduce the toxicity of some medicinal materials, prevent the medicinal materials from rot and deterioration, and facilitate storage and transportation. Origin processing not only affects the efficacy and quality of medicinal materials, but also directly affects the next processing of medicinal materials. After the medicinal materials are harvested, they must be processed within a short time. The processing steps are mainly cleaning, removing impurities, and drying to purify and prevent mildew.

药材清冼主要有喷淋、刷洗、淘洗等方法。除杂包括挑选、筛选、风选、漂洗等，主要是去除非药用部位。因刚采收的新鲜药材含水量高，富含营养物质，微生物极易从其伤口、皮孔、气孔等处侵入，滋生繁衍，致使药材霉烂；部分药材虽然没有霉烂，但也会因生热、腐败而变质，失去药用价值。因此，及时干燥是药材产地加工的关键，方法主要有接触干燥、气流干燥、真空干燥、沸腾干燥、喷雾干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥等。一些药材在干燥过程中必须进行揉搓，如山药、党参、麦冬、玉竹等。有些药材在干燥之前需进行蒸、煮、烫处理，如天麻、地黄、山药、何首乌、黄精等。多数根和根茎类及皮类药材在半干燥时应停止干燥，密闭堆积使之发热，内部水分向外蒸发时遇堆外低温凝结成水珠附于药材的表面，称为发汗，如玄参、丹参、板蓝根、大黄、黄芪、薄荷、厚朴、杜仲等。
Medicinal herbs can be cleaned by spraying, scrubbing, or panning. The removal of impurities includes selection, screening, air spray cleaning, rinsing, etc., mainly to remove non-medicinal parts. The freshly harvested herbs are high in moisture content and rich in nutrients. Microorganisms can easily invade from their pores, breed and multiply, causing medicinal herbs to rot; although some of the medicinal herbs may not rot, they will deteriorate and lose medicinal value. Therefore, timely drying is key. Drying methods mainly include contact drying, airflow drying, vacuum drying, boiling drying, spray drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying. Some medicinal materials must be rubbed during the drying process. Some medicinal materials need to be steamed, boiled, and scalded before drying.

中药饮片 Chinese herbal medicine decoction
中药饮片是指在中医药理论的指导下，可直接用于调配或制剂的中药材及其中药材的加工炮制品。中医临床用来治病的药物是中药饮片和中成药，而中成药的原料亦是中药饮片并非中药材。
Traditional Chinese medicine decoction refers to Chinese herbs that can be directly used for preparation under the guidance of Chinese medicinal practice. Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine use Traditional Chinese medicine decoction and Chinese Patent Medicine in clinical treatments. Chinese Patent Medicine are made from Chinese medicine decoction.

《中国药典》2005年（一部）规定：药材炮制系指将药材净制、切制、炮炙处理制成一定规格的饮片以适应医疗要求及调配、制剂的需要，保证用药安全有效。根据现代炮制理论的要求，净制、切制、炮炙统称为炮制，因此“中药饮片”应该理解为直接应用于医疗调配及制剂的中药炮制品。因此在医疗临床以及无净制条件的药品生产企业制剂所用的中药材都应该是经过炮制加工后的中药炮制品，都应该有合法的生产企业可追溯。
“Chinese Pharmacopoeia” in 2005 (one) provides:The processing of herbal medicine refers to the preparation, cutting and scorching of medicinal materials into decoction under a certain specification to meet the requirements of medical requirements. The Chinese medicinal materials used in the preparations of medical clinics and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises should be traceable by legal manufacturing enterprises.

中药材、中药饮片并没有绝对的界限，中药饮片包括了部分经产地加工的中药切片（包[医.学敎育.网搜.集整理]括切段、块、瓣），原形药材饮片以及经过切制（在产地加工的基础上）、炮炙的饮片。
There is no absolute boundary between Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese herbal decoctions. Chinese herbal decoctions include some traditional Chinese medicine slices that have been processed from the place of origin ( including cuts, blocks, and petals), original herbal decoctions, and After being cut (based on the processing in the place of origin).

中药材和中药饮片的区别 The difference between Chinese herbal medicine and herbal medicine decoctions
同属药品范畴，一直以来，二者无法定概念，人们通常都以“中药”冠之，从而导致二者名称混淆不清，根据工作实践，对二者进行了比较分析。
Both belong to the category of medicines, and the two have not been able to define the concept. People usually use the name “Chinese medicine”, which leads to confusion of the names of the two. Based on medical practices, the two are compared and analyzed.

 

两者相同点 Similarities

01.来源相同：中药材和中药饮片的科名、植（动）物名、学名、药用部位及采收季节和产地加工等都相同。所以二者来源相同。

The sources are the same: the names of the Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese herbal decoction are the same in terms of family name, plant/organism name, scientific name, medicinal part, harvest season and processing at the place of origin. So, the two sources are the same.

 

02.部分中药材和中药饮片性状相同：性状包括药品的外观、质地、横断面、臭、味、溶解度及物理常数等，绝大多数细小种子、果实类药物的药材和生品饮片性状完全相同，其他如花类、树脂类等部位入药的一些药物也存在类似现象。因此，仅从性状这项不能完全区分二者。

Some Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese herbal decoction have the same traits: the traits include the appearance, texture, cross section, smell, taste, solubility, and physical constants of the drugs. Some drugs, such as flowers and resins, have similar phenomena. Therefore, it is impossible to completely distinguish the two from the characteristics.

 

03.鉴别反应相同：鉴别反应一般包括经验鉴别、显微鉴别和理化鉴别，中药材和中药饮片除部分品种因加工过程中淀粉粒糊化而使显微鉴别略有不同外，其他鉴别项则完全相同。

The identification reaction is the same: the identification reaction generally includes empirical identification, microscopic identification, and physical and chemical identification. Except for some varieties of Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese herbal decoction, the microscopic identification is slightly different due to the gelatinization of starch grains during processing, and the other identification items are completely the same.
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两者不同点 Differences

01.处方应付不同：同一药物的药材和饮片名称虽然相同，但临床处方应付不同，无特殊说明的，均付饮片。

Different prescriptions prescribed: although the names of the herbs are the same, but the clinical prescriptions are different, if they were not specified, one should assume it is Chinese herbal decoction.

 

02.加工方法不同：中药材只需经过简单的产地加工，而中药饮片则是将原药材进行净选、切制和其他炮制等工艺而制成一定规格的炮制品。

Different processing methods: Chinese herbal medicines only need to be processed from a simple place of origin, while Chinese herbal decoction is processed from the place of origin by selection, cutting and other processing methods following certain specifications.

 

03.监管方法不同：根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》及《药品流通监督管理方法》的有关规定，各有关药品生产、经营单位和医疗机构必须从具有合法资质的单位采购中药饮片，而在购进没有实施批准文号管理的中药材时，国家未进行资质规定。可见，中药饮片将被视同成药管理。

Different supervision methods: According to the relevant provisions of the “People’s Republic of China Drug Administration Law” and “Drug Distribution Supervision and Management Method”, all relevant drug production, operation units and medical institutions must purchase traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces from legally qualified units.

 

中药材和中药饮片既有区别又有联系，对二者的界定只能视具体品种及不同情况而定，一般来说，药农采收的是药材，而饮片加工厂经过净选、切制等加工处理，即为中药饮片。医疗机调剂使用的，不管从何处采购，都应是中药饮片。
Chinese medicinal herbs and Chinese herbal medicine pieces are closely related. The definition of the two can only depend on the specific varieties and different situations. The medicinal herbs are harvested by the medicinal farmers, and the processed pieces of the medicinal herbs are processed and selected by the factory. It is processed and treated as Chinese herbal decoction. If it is used in medical practice, no matter where it is purchased from, it should be a traditional Chinese herbal decoction.

文章来源：中食药监管信息网，欢迎持续关注！本店声明：以上内容为营养科普知识，仅供消费者参考学习，相关内容不代表产品功效，请消费者理性消费，本产品不能代替药品。
Article source: Chinese Food and Drug Administration Information Network.Please note:The above content is only for consumers’ reference and learning. The relevant content does not represent the efficacy of the product. Consumers are requested to consume rationally. This product cannot replace medicines.

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